Genetics is the study of our inheritance.

 

DNA - The genetic code

Chromosome - Structure that carries the genetic material in the cell nucleus

Gene - Heredity (carrying a "blueprint" of how specific proteins should be built).

Locus - The location of the gene on the chromosome.

Genotype - Genetic combination, for example B/b for eye color.

Phenotype - What you see, for example fur colour.

Allele - Variant of a gene, disposition found at the same locus on the chromosome pair.

Dominant - Plant that determines the trait, only needed in one edition to exhibit the trait.

Recessive - Trait that is subordinate to the dominant, two copies are needed to exhibit the trait.

Homozygous - Two identical alleles at a certain locus, for example B/B.

Heterozygous - Two different alleles at a certain locus, for example B/b.

Mutation - Permanent change in the genetic material that can be transmitted to offspring (gametes).

Deletion - One or more base pairs (A, T, G, C) have been removed from, for example, part of a gene, which may have changed the gene's expression and thus also the protein it codes for.

Insertion - One or more base pairs (A, T, G, C) have been added to, for example, part of a gene, which may have changed the gene's expression and thus also the protein it codes for.

 

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